Nursing Surgical Nursing Reconstruction

Question: Describe about the Nursing for Surgical Nursing Reconstruction. Answer: Nursing Reflection Using Driscolls Reflective Cycle Nursing is regarded as an ever-changing and complex profession and excellence is achieved through best practices, standards and ethics. Nurses are endowed with greater responsibilities for creating a healthier working environment, become leaders in their respective specialty and improve the care quality. The nursing practice principles describe the expectations of the healthcare stakeholders from the nursing profession (Polit and Beck 2013). The aspects of approach, attitude and behavior forms underpin of good care. In Australia, the midwives and nurses are required to be registered with the NMBA (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia) and are required to meet the set professional standards for practicing nursing in the country (Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia 2016). Several standards have been laid down by the board of which the standards for practice or the competency standards will be discussed in this assignment. This assignment is a nursing reflection from one of my first placement scenario that will be discussed using Driscolls reflective cycle. The nursing skills will be described with this recognized framework for demonstrating my abilities to reflect on the various nursing skills. What This is an episode that happened during the first week of my placement practice in a surgical ward. The Driscolls model of reflection supported me in reviewing my experiences with its evaluation and analysis for helping me to make necessary changes to my future nursing practice. The reason for my return to this event is because I noticed there were so many standards that were not followed by the registered nurses in the surgical ward that led me to a very challenging act of patient care and had a significant impact on my professional knowledge and skills. A reconstruction of the event helped me to develop my knowledge and add significant values to my experiences. On the day of the event, my mentor and I were looking after a bay in the surgical ward that had eight patients. To comply with the code of conduct of the Nursing and Midwifery Council, the name of the hospital and the related registered nurse has not been mentioned to maintain confidentiality. The registered nurses are required to follow the NMBA guidelines for quality patient care and during my experience, I observed that my mentor, being a registered nurse, did not follow the guidelines for the standards of practice. Breaching of the guidelines was on several occasions like not wearing gloves while taking out IV cannula, not wearing face and eye protection during the IV catheter procedures and devices used for the purpose did not have safety features to minimize blood splatter and leakage during removal and insertion of the cannula (Odell 2015). These sights confronted me with intense professional challenges as although I knew that the standards of practice being violated by my men tor, yet I could not oppose the event as he was my guide for the placement and I could not offend him. This was a situation of a dilemma, confusion and scare considering the consequences on the patient of such an unsafe, inappropriate and irresponsible nursing practice. This also challenged my personal understandings while undertaking my first PEP. So What The analysis of my feelings can be described by stating that prior to the commencement of the placement, I was confident of my learning and experiences but after the incident, I was a bit shaken as what I witnessed was not only a breach of the act but also had a deep impact on my professional practices. Although I a negative experience, I did not lose confidence and faith on my learning of the standards of practice and went on to provide quality patient care when I was asked to do so by my mentor. He asked me to bed bath a patient and I took help of a healthcare assistant to complete the act in the most appropriate manner. According to the standards for practice, I was expected to engage in a professional and therapeutic relationship with the patient which I established to comfort her and make the process painless (O'Connell, Gardner and Coyer 2014). I was very anxious to carry out the activity as I had never been in direct contact with the patients before as I was never in a care en vironment prior to this. Although I had the learning experiences of the requirements of the personal qualities and promotion of autonomy and dignity that is required for assisting the patients with personal care in the University lectures, this was my first opportunity to put them into practice and gain the relevant experiences. Since I could not oppose my mentor with the fear of offending him, I decided to indicate him of his irresponsibility through my implementation of standards of practice in patient care. I had put on a gloves and face mask to reduce the risks of infection at the surgical site and increase patient benefit. My mentor noticed this and upon asking me the reason for the precautions, I informed him about the standards of practice and the healthcare associated infections due to lack of precautions. This gave me immense pleasure and peace as I successfully opposed against what was wrong. Now What From this incident, I have learned about the standards for practice and their appropriate implementation in patient care. The beginning of the placement was not good enough in terms of experience however, it ended with some good learning. My mentor realized his mistake and was thankful to me for abiding the guidelines that instigated him to follow them as well. This made me understand that the standards for practice should not be compromised under any circumstances and any discrepancies found should be taken care of. This will not only improve the patient care but also glorify the profession of nursing. Apart from this, I also had a profound experience in isolation nursing as it was a new experience for me. I had learned more about infection control and prevention in surgical wards and the importance of wearing gloves, apron and face protection prior to the commencement of the procedures. Appropriate disposal procedure of the wearable protective gears to prevent the spread of contami nation was also something that was significant (Sutherland-Fraser, Osborne and Bryant 2016). I learned that alcohol gel is also ineffective to eliminate spores in surgical wards for the control and prevention of infections (Masters 2015). These learning are of remarkable importance considering my future clinical practice to provide quality patient care without any breaching of the standards for practice laid down by NMBA. Whether it is for the inserting and removing of IV cannula or providing bed bath to the patient, precautions have to be taken to prevent harm to the patient by all the individuals involved in the nursing profession. There are two key areas of my practice that I can improve in future for providing standard patient care. The first area is the provision of responsive, appropriate, safe and quality nursing practice for achieving the agreed outcomes and goals of nursing needs of the patients. For this, I will adopt the strategy of practicing my profession and take the set precautions to provide patient care, especially in the specialty wards where the chances of contamination are high (Moorhead 2013). I will report and identify the actual and potential risks related to the issues if practices are found to be below the standards. The second area will be critical thinking and analysis of the nursing practice. For this, I will use, analyze and access the best available evidence for nursing practice to provide safe and quality care to the patients without any compromise (Mariano 2013). From my placement experience, I will shape my future practice by using ethical frameworks. References Mariano, C., 2013. Holistic nursing: Scope and standards of practice.Dossey, Barbara M.; Keegan, Lynn, compiladores. Holistic Nursing. A Handbook for Practice. Burlington: American Holistic Nurses Association,64. Masters, K., 2015.Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Moorhead, S., 2013.Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC), Measurement of Health Outcomes, 5: Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). Elsevier Health Sciences. Nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au. (2016).Nursing and Midwifery Board of Australia - Professional Codes Guidelines. [online] Available at: https://www.nursingmidwiferyboard.gov.au/Codes-Guidelines-Statements.aspx [Accessed 20 Sep. 2016]. O'Connell, J., Gardner, G. and Coyer, F., 2014. Beyond competencies: using a capability framework in developing practice standards for advanced practice nursing.Journal of advanced nursing,70(12), pp.2728-2735. Odell, M., 2015. Detection and management of the deteriorating ward patient: an evaluation of nursing practice.Journal of clinical nursing,24(1-2), pp.173-182. Polit, D.F. and Beck, C.T., 2013.Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams Wilkins. Sutherland-Fraser, S., Osborne, S. and Bryant, K., 2016. Perioperative Nursing.Perioperative Nursing: An Introduction, 2nd Edition, pp.1-29.

Generic Visual Perception Processor free essay sample

The generic visual perception processor (GVPP) has been developed after 10 long years of scientific effort . Generic Visual Perception Processor (GVPP) can automatically detect objects and track their movement in real-time  . The GVPP, which crunches 20 billion instructions per second (BIPS), models the human perceptual process at the hardware level by mimicking the separate temporal and spatial functions of the eye-to-brain system. The processor sees its environsment as a stream of histograms regarding the location and velocity of objects. GVPP has been demonstrated as capable of learning-in-place to solve a variety of pattern recognition problems. It boasts automatic normalization for varying object size, orientation and lighting conditions, and can function in daylight or darkness. This electronic eye on a chip can now handle most tasks that a normal human eye can. That includes driving safely, selecting ripe fruits, reading and recognizing things. Sadly, though modeled on the visual perception capabilities of the human brain, the chip is not really a medical marvel, poised to cure the blind Introduction of  GVPP The GVPP tracks an object, defined as a certain set of hue, luminance and saturation values in a specific shape, from frame to frame in a video stream by anticipating where its leading and trailing edges make differences with the background. We will write a custom essay sample on Generic Visual Perception Processor or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That means it can track an object through varying light sources or changes in size, as when an object gets closer to the viewer or moves farther away. The GVPPS major performance strength over current-day vision systems is its adaptation to varying light conditions. Todays vision systems dictate uniform shadow less illumination ,and even next generation prototype systems, designed to work under â€Å"normal† lighting conditions, can be used only dawn to dusk. The GVPP on the other hand, adapt to real time changes in lighting without recalibration, day or light. For many decades the field of computing has been trapped by the limitations of the traditional processors. Many futuristic technologies have been bound by limitations of these processors . These limitations stemmed from the basic architecture of these processors. Traditional processors work by slicing each and every complex program into simple tasks that a processor could execute. This requires an existence of an algorithm for solution of the particular problem. But there are many situations where there is an inexistence of an algorithm or inability of a human to understand the algorithm. Even in these extreme cases GVPP performs well. It can solve a problem with its neural learning function. Neural networks are extremely fault tolerant. By their design even if a group of neurons get, the neural network only suffers a smooth degradation of the performance. It wont abruptly fail to work. This is a crucial difference, from traditional processors as they fail to work even if a few components are damaged. GVPP recognizes stores , matches and process patterns. Even if pattern is not recognizable to a human programmer in input the neural network, it will dig it out from the input. Thus GVPP becomes an efficient tool for applications like the pattern matching and recognition HOW IT WORKS: Basically the chip is made of neural network modeled resembling the structure of human brain. The basic element here is a neuron. There are large number of input lines and an output line to a neuron. Each neuron is capable of implementing a simple function. It takes the weighted sum of its inputs and produces an output that is fed into the next layer. The weights assigned to each input are a variable quantity. A large number of such neurons interconnected form a neural network. Every input that is given to the neural network gets transmitted over entire network via direct connections called synaptic connections and feed back paths. Thus the signal ripples in the neural network, every time changing the weighted values associated with each input of every neuron. These changes in the ripples will naturally direct the weights to modify into those values that will become stable . That is, those values does not change. At this point the information about the signal is stored as the weighted values of inputs in the neural network. A neural network geometrizes computation. When we draw the state diagram of a neural network, the network activity burrows a trajectory in this state space. The trajectory begins with a computation problem. The problem specifies initial conditions which define the beginning of trajectory in the state space.

Amazing Outstanding Persuasive Essay Samples For Children

Amazing Outstanding Persuasive Essay Samples For ChildrenIf you are planning to write a persuasive essay, you should know that there are many exceptional outstanding persuasive essay samples. There are some for example; Some examples of persuasive essay samples for children that can help you decide on the format and the correct subject matter to use.The first persuasive essay samples for children is based on the subject of bullying. This can be used in a number of ways; you could also use it as a guide for your own bullying problem in school or if you are going on an outing. You might also use it if you need to write a persuasive essay for any situation where someone has been bullied.Another good persuasive essay samples for children is one called The Difference Between Passion. This is a real life story from an actual person who was bullied by his classmates and then has worked to change things through his own life experiences. This can be used for more than just to create a persuas ive essay.One of the really good persuasive essay samples for children is one called, 'Teaching Children to Respond to Urgent Situations.' This is a very interesting topic, one that has been used by educators around the world for a long time. This is probably the best one for people to learn what they can do to help them deal with this topic.One of the best and most excellent, persuasive essay samples for children is one called One Beautiful Child. It is one that describes a young child who has endured many kinds of abuse, but yet now as a young adult is considered to be a model of what it means to be a happy, healthy and caring person.There are also two other examples of persuasive essay samples for children that are very easy to understand and which you might be able to put in your own children's hands. One is the 'Generation Heist' which is one about a group of teens who get together to steal some expensive gadgets for themselves. The other is 'The Different Race of the Nile', wh ich describes how children in ancient Egypt were forced to dress up as each other and acted out elaborate games, though they didn't know how to play the games and as a result were given punishments.There are of course hundreds of other persuasive essay samples for children and this does not even touch on them all. But they should give you a good start to looking for great examples to use. You will then have more ideas on what to write in your own persuasive essay.

Commercial Law Practitioner Essays - Insolvency, Bankruptcy

Commercial Law Practitioner Essays - Insolvency, Bankruptcy Commercial Law Practitioner Commercial Law Practitioner 2014 *47 Time Limits and the Appointment of ReceiversAn Analysis of Recent Authorities Mark Heslin* Time limits arise in many contexts in legal practice. A statute may allow a specific period for something to be done. A contract may require a particular act by a given time. Practitioners unilaterally set deadlines for a response, in default of which there will be specific consequences. For instance, a demand may seek payment immediately or by close of business, but what do those phrases mean? Can one validly demand immediate payment outside normal banking hours, and when do these start and end? This article proposes to examine the attitude of the courts to compliance with certain important time limits, and how disputes and ambiguities in relation to such phrases have been dealt with, particularly in the context of the appointment of a The Belohn Ltd (Belohn) owned and operated bars and a restaurant on the corner of Merrion Street and Merrion Row, Dublin, under the name Foley's. The company ran into financial difficulties and on October 10, 2012, its bank appointed a receiver and manager over Belohn's assets. On December 18, 2012, a challenge to the receiver's appointment was brought by Belohn's holding company, The Merrow Ltd (Merrow). Judgment was given in the High Court on the morning of March 22, 20131 appointment was void, a finding based primarily on a requirement in one of the relevant debentures that the bank appoint by writing under its seal a Receiver of the mortgaged property. The receiver's appointment had not been made under seal. by Mr Justice Gilligan. The court held that the receiver's Following the delivery of Gilligan J.'s judgment, the bank's solicitors made a demand on Belohn, later the same day, for the repayment of in excess of 4 million. At the same time, a demand was made on Merrow for in excess of 1 million then due. The demands, which were handed to the relevant director at 16.15 on March 22, required payment by 17.00. In the absence of payment being made, the bank, at 17.10, appointed the same receiver over all of Merrow's property and assets. The only assets of Merrow were its subsidiary, Belohn. The appointment at 17.10 on March 22 was not communicated to Merrow until approximately 16.30 on Sunday, March 24. Petition to Appoint Examiner Upon learning of the receiver's appointment, Merrow presented a petition in its name and that of Belohn seeking to appoint examiners to each company. The application was heard, ex parte, at about 21.00 at the home of Mr Justice Hogan on the evening of Sunday, March 24, 2013.2 petitioner impressed upon Hogan J. the importance of the petition being presented before midnight. Under s.2 of the Companies (Amendment) Act 1990 (the 1990 Act), the court may appoint an examiner upon a petition being presented. Section 3(6) of the 1990 Act specifies an important time limit, providing that the court shall not hear any petition if a receiver stands appointed to the company and has been so for a continuous period of at least 3 days prior to the Of particular interest is the analysis by Hogan J. of the three-day time limit by which a petition must be presented for the appointment of an examiner, following the appointment of a receiver, and the court's comments on any effort to frustrate the bringing of such petitions. The court heard that financial institutions often appoint receivers late on a Friday, because an application for the appointment of an examiner will depend, first, on the company learning that a receiver has been appointed, and, secondly, locating a duty judge over the weekend. The court found that if a receiver is appointed on a Friday, an application on the following Monday would be too late, having regard to s.18(h) of the Interpretation Act 2005. This provides: Where a period of time is expressed to begin on or be reckoned from a particular date, that day shall be deemed to be included in the period and, where a period of time is expressed to end on or be reckoned to a particular date, that day shall be deemed to be included in the Therefore, even if a receiver is not appointed until late on a Friday evening, that day will be included in the computation of the relevant three-day period, which will expire at midnight on Sunday. Financial institutions hoping that a petitioner seeking to appoint an examiner will not become aware of such an appointment in

Major General Oliver O. Howard in the Civil War

Major General Oliver O. Howard in the Civil War Oliver O. Howard - Early Life Career: The son of Rowland and Eliza Howard, Oliver Otis Howard was born at Leeds, ME on November 3, 1830. Losing his father at age nine, Howard received a strong education at series of academies in Maine before electing to attend Bowdoin College. Graduating in 1850, he decided to pursue a military career and sought an appointment to the US Military Academy. Entering West Point that year, he proved a superior student and graduated fourth in a class of forty-six in 1854. Among his classmates were J.E.B. Stuart and Dorsey Pender. Commissioned as a second lieutenant, Howard moved through a series of ordnance assignments including time at Watervliet and Kennebec Arsenals. Marrying Elizabeth Waite in 1855, he received orders to take part in a campaign against the Seminoles in Florida two years later. Oliver O. Howard – The Civil War Begins: Though a religious man, while in Florida Howard experienced a deep conversion to evangelical Christianity. Promoted to first lieutenant that July, he returned to West Point as a mathematics instructor that fall. While there, he frequently considered leaving the service to enter the ministry. This decision continued to weigh on him, however as sectional tensions built and the Civil War neared, he resolved to defend the Union. With the attack on Fort Sumter in April 1861, Howard prepared to go to war. The following month, he took command of the 3rd Maine Infantry Regiment with the rank of colonel of volunteers. As the spring progressed, he rose to command the Third Brigade in Colonel Samuel P. Heintzelman’s Third Division in the Army of Northeastern Virginia. Taking part in the First Battle of Bull Run on July 21, Howard’s brigade occupied Chinn Ridge but was driven off in confusion after being attacked by Confederate troops led by Colonels Jubal A. Early and Arnold Elzey . Oliver O. Howard – An Arm Lost: Promoted to brigadier general on September 3, Howard and his men joined Major General George B. McClellan’s newly-formed Army of the Potomac. Recognized for his devout religious beliefs, he soon earned the sobriquet â€Å"the Christian General† though this title was often used with a degree of sarcasm by his comrades. In the spring of 1862, his brigade moved south for the Peninsula Campaign. Serving in Brigadier General John Sedgwick’s division of Brigadier General Edwin Sumner’s II Corps, Howard joined McClellan’s slow advance towards Richmond. On June 1, he returned to combat when his men met the Confederates at the Battle of Seven Pines. As the fighting raged, Howard was hit twice in the right arm. Taken from the field, the injuries proved serious enough that the arm was amputated. Oliver O. Howard - A Rapid Rise: Recovering from his wounds, Howard missed the remainder of the fighting on the Peninsula as well as the defeat at Second Manassas. Returning to his brigade, he led it during the fighting at Antietam on September 17. Serving under Sedgwick, Howard took command of the division after his superior was badly wounded during an attack near the West Woods. In the fighting, the division sustained heavy losses as Sumner had ordered it into action without conducting proper reconnaissance. Promoted to major general in November, Howard retained command of the division. With Major General Ambrose Burnside’s ascent to command, the Army of the Potomac moved south to Fredericksburg. On December 13, Howard’s division took part in the Battle of Fredericksburg. A bloody disaster, the fighting saw the division make a failed assault on the Confederate defenses atop Marye’s Heights. Oliver O. Howard - XI Corps: In April 1863, Howard received an appointment to replace Major General Franz Sigel as commander of XI Corps. Largely comprised of German immigrants, the men of XI Corps immediately began lobbying for Sigel’s return as he too was an immigrant and had been a popular revolutionary in Germany. Imposing a high level of military and moral discipline, Howard quickly earned his new command’s resentment. In early May, Major General Joseph Hooker, who had replaced Burnside, attempted to swing around to the west of Confederate General Robert E. Lee’s position at Fredericksburg. In the resulting Battle of Chancellorsville, Howard’s corps occupied the right flank of the Union line. Though advised that his right flank was in the air by Hooker, he took no action to anchor it on a natural obstacle or construct substantial defenses. On the evening of May 2, Major General Thomas â€Å"Stonewall† Jackson mounted a devastating flank attack which routed XI Corps and des tabilized the Union position. Though shattered, XI Corps mounted a fighting retreat that saw it lose around a quarter of its strength and Howard was conspicuous in his attempts to rally his men. Effectively spent as a fighting force, XI Corps did not play a meaningful role in the rest of the battle. Recovering from Chancellorsville, the corps marched north the following month in pursuit of Lee who intended to invade Pennsylvania. On July 1, XI Corps moved to the aid of Brigadier General John Buford’s Union cavalry and Major General John Reynolds I Corps which had become engaged in the opening phases of the Battle of Gettysburg. Approaching on the Baltimore Pike and Taneytown Road, Howard detached a division to guard the key heights of Cemetery Hill to the south of Gettysburg before deploying the rest of his men on I Corps’ right north of town. Attacked by Lieutenant General Richard S. Ewell’s Second Corps, Howard’s men were overwhelmed and forced to fall back after one of his division commanders, Brigadier General Francis C. Barlow, blundered by moving his men out of position. As the Union line collapsed, XI Corps retreated back through town and assumed a defensive position on Cemetery Hill. As Reynolds had been killed early in the fighting, Howard served as the senior Union leader on the field until Major General Winfield S. Hancock arrived with orders from army commander Major General George G. Meade to take over. Despite Hancock’s written orders, Howard resisted ceding control of the battle. Remaining on the defensive for the remainder of the battle, XI Corps turned back Confederate attacks the next day. Though criticized for his corps’ performance, Howard later received the thanks of Congress for selected the ground on which the battle would be fought. Oliver O. Howard – Going West: On September 23, XI Corps and Major General Henry Slocum’s XII Corps were detached from the Army of the Potomac and set west to aid Major General Ulysses S. Grant’s efforts to relieve Major General William S. Rosecrans’ besieged Army of the Cumberland at Chattanooga. Collectively led by Hooker, the two corps aided Grant in opening a supply line to Rosecrans’ men. In late November, XI Corps took part in the fighting around the city which culminated with General Braxton Bragg’s Army of Tennessee being driven from Missionary Ridge and forced to retreat south. The following spring, Grant departed to take overall command of the Union war effort and leadership in the west passed to Major General William T. Sherman. Organizing his forces for a campaign against Atlanta, Sherman directed Howard to take over IV Corps in Major General George H. Thomas’ Army of the Cumberland. Moving south in May, Howard and his corps saw action at Picketts Mill on the 27th and Kennesaw Mountain a month later. As Shermans armies neared Atlanta, part of IV Corps took part in the Battle of Peachtree Creek on July 20. Two days later, Major General James B. McPherson, commander of the Army of the Tennessee, was killed at the Battle of Atlanta. With the loss of McPherson, Sherman directed Howard to take over the Army of the Tennessee. On July 28, he led his new command into battle at Ezra Church. In the fighting, his men turned back attacks by Lieutenant General John Bell Hood. In late August, Howard led the Army of the Tennessee at the Battle of Jonesboro which resulted in Hood being forced to abandon Atlanta. Reorganizing his forces that fall, Sherman retained Howard in his position and had the Army of the Tennessee serve as the right wing of his March to the Sea. Oliver O. Howard - Final Campaigns: Departing in mid-November, Shermans advance saw Howards men and Slocums Army of Georgia drive through the heart of Georgia, living off the land, and sweeping aside light enemy resistance. Reaching Savannah, Union forces captured the city on December 21. In the spring of 1865, Sherman pushed north into South Carolina with Slocum and Howards commands. After capturing Columbia, SC on February 17, the advance continued and Howard entered North Carolina in early March. On March 19, Slocum was attacked by General Joseph E. Johnston at the Battle of Bentonville. Turning, Howard brought his men to Slocums aid and the combined armies compelled Johnston to retreat. Pressing on, Howard and his men were present the following month when Sherman accepted Johnstons surrender at Bennett Place. Oliver O. Howard - Later Career: An ardent abolitionist before the war, Howard was appointed head of the Freedmens Bureau in May 1865. Charged with integrating freed slaves into society, he implemented a wide array of social programs including education, medical care, and food distribution. Backed by the Radical Republicans in Congress, he often clashed with President Andrew Johnson. During this time, he aided in the formation of Howard University in Washington, DC. In 1874, he assumed command of the Department of the Columbia with his headquarters in the Washington Territory. While out west, Howard took part in the Indian Wars and in 1877 mounted a campaign against the Nez Perce which resulted in the capture of Chief Joseph. Returning east in 1881, he briefly served as superintendent at West Point before taking command of the Department of the Platte in 1882. Belatedly presented with the Medal of Honor in 1893 for his actions at Seven Pines, Howard retired in 1894 after serving as commander of the Department of the East. Moving to Burlington, VT, he died on October 26, 1909 and was buried at Lake View Cemetery. Selected Sources Civil War Trust: Oliver O. HowardNNDB: Oliver O. Howard Civil War: Oliver O. Howard

As a policy matter, should the government be able to restrict the sale Essay

As a policy matter, should the government be able to restrict the sale of video games with violent content, and if so, what rest - Essay Example The students were reported to have played the video game â€Å"Doom,† and were inspired by it. This led to heated debates between two opposing sides. While advocates argued in favor of a restriction in sales of violent video games, groups of opponents led by the game developers argued against such move. They explained that correlation between the violent video games and the acts of the two students were incidental and could not be used as a justification (IDEA, 2012). While proponents argued about a link between violence and increased watching of violent games, the opponents denied any link between violent behaviors and watching of violent videos. Therefore despite the efforts the government has undertaken to restrict violent video games, the government is not able to regulate them as required due to legal implications and high demand of such games in the market. In 2011, the Supreme Court struck down a ban on selling violent games to minors. The Supreme Court found the Califo rnian law that sought to restrict the sale of violent games to minors to be in contradiction with the free speech rights and was overturned. The judgment was overwhelming in a 7 to 2 decision and declared that the Californian statute against the sale of violent games was in serious violation of the rights protection under the First Amendment (Richey, 2011). The Californian State as the judges agreed had the right to protect children against harm by such violent games. However, the judges noted that such powers cannot be free floating to restrict all ideas to which children have possibilities of being exposed to (Richey, 2011). This was the first ruling on violent materials restriction, which was a huge setback to the California state in its bid to protect children against harm caused by such violent games. It implies that the government is not able to restrict or control such video games as required. The government has weak laws and statutes aimed at limiting such sale of violent ga mes to minors. In 1968 the Supreme Court upheld a New York statute that sought to restrict and ban any sale of nude and obscene materials to underage children. The court found that the government indeed had the right and the power to regulate and restrict sale of such sexual materials to children without violating the protection of free speech as stated under the First Amendment (Mcmahan 2013). However, the Supreme Court on the Californian case rejected any application of the same principles by arguing speech of violence is not obscene; thus the 1968 ruling could not be applied in the ban of violent materials. This revealed a serious anomaly under the First Amendment. As one of the 2 dissenting judges, Stephen Breyer noted, there was no sense of preventing a child from accessing a nude picture of a woman, while in the same violent games children are allowed to view such women and even go further to strangle them to death virtually (Mcmahan 2013) . The law in this case is contradicto ry and needs a more elaborate evaluation of the First Amendment to include violent materials under the same category with obscene materials to facilitate the government to use the, law in protecting children against such violent materials. Psychiatrists and research suggest that offering blanket blame to violent games would e missing the point behind violence in children, which would hugely impact on efforts by the government to restrict such games. Kathy Royer a clinical nurse specialist at 4Kid Help Center for Child Adolescent Psychiatry, Ohio

Inflation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Inflation - Essay Example As inflation is directly proportional with the aggregate demand in an economy and also the money supply, governments encourage a certain rate of inflation to prevail in an economy for gradual growth (Edwards, 1984). Prior to setting up of a business or preparing the annual financial budget for the economy, inflation is always taken into account. Measures are taken to control inflation so as to leave room for investment, global competitiveness and local demand in the economy. Therefore, attaining price stability through controlled inflation has always been one of the major concerns for all economies (Hart, 2010). Inflation is caused through various factors. It is however difficult to conclude as to what factor has precisely led to inflation and by how much. The forces of demand and supply and other factors concurrently result into inflation and the government has the tools of fiscal and monetary policy to control these factors simultaneously. The major causes of inflation can be because of a demand shocks, supply shocks, money supply and exchange rates, and future expectations (Mishkin, 1984): Inflation is directly proportional to the aggregate demand in an economy. This is because, when the economy is at its growth stage, there are more employment opportunities. As more people are able to work, households’ incomes rise giving them more purchasing power. This causes a rise in the aggregate demand. As the aggregate demand curve moves to the left, the producers also have to increase their supply to exploit this rise in demand. As they increase their production/extend their supply, their costs of production increase which results into an increase in the price level. This Demand-pull inflation can be so intense that it can also cause a Stagflation where an economy reaches at a stagnant growth with high unemployment and high inflation rates. (Martin, 1985). In contrast with Demand-Pull Inflation, Cost-Push Inflation is